A paper Mary Campbell Doss and I submitted and presented for Honors Advanced Mechanics.

When I find myself with time off, my mind often wonders. I tend to think of really unconventional, impractical, and sometimes even bizarre ways to do conventional things. I become captivated by the question: "is this idea theoretically possible?" Over spring break in 2024, I had one of those unconventional ideas.

In November of 2024, I spent a week with my fellow seniors in Dinétah on the CBA senior trip. The experience was life-changing for all of us.

There is a concept in mathematics and physics--specifically nonlinear dynamics--called chaos. You have probably heard of the butterfly effect: the idea that small changes to a variable in a complex system can result in massive changes in an outcome (the name was coined by Edward Lorenz based on the premise that a butterfly flapping its wings could ultimately cause a tornado). But human society itself, too, is susceptible the laws of physics. In Fluke, British philosopher Brian Klaas examines human society as a chaotic system. Through captivating historical examples, he demonstrates that each and every action taken by each and every person can have massive, disproportional impacts on the future, but that it is also neurologically and computationally impossible to predict what each individual action will ultimately change. The result of considering society as a chaotic system is the realization that cause is not proportional to effect and that sometimes we simply get lucky. Humans inhabit this planet because long ago, the appropriate chemical reactions just happened to occur to synthesize single-celled organisms that later evolved into the vast biota that inhabit Earth today. This "Fluke" is just one in an incomprehensibly large series of coincidences that led to the world being exactly like it is now. As a reader, the book sent me down a path of reflection on all the simple, seemingly irrelevant choices I have made that ultimately made a massive difference in my current life. But the other striking realization the book asks us to grapple with is that just as our own every action changes our path-dependent futures, so do the actions of those around us--or even the ones of those whom we have never met. And as our civilization becomes more interconnected, the system becomes more complex, and the presence of chaos is further accentuated.

In the summer of 2024, I was one of approximately 50 students chosen from across the United States to participate in a course at Purdue University entitled: Developing Tomorrow's Infrastructure: An Introduction to Civil Engineering. The course explored the exciting innovations happening in Civil Engineering, Infrastructure, and construction. 

In the summer of 2024, I was one of approximately 50 students chosen from across the United States to participate in a course at Purdue University entitled: Developing Tomorrow's Infrastructure: An Introduction to Civil Engineering. While I was there, I worked in a group to apply what we were learning in class about infrastructure resiliency to the design of a tiny house. At the end of the week, we presented our project to faculty, corporate sponsors, and university administrators.